The
Don, Humber, and Rouge get all the glory, but Toronto is much more than
a three-river town. Before John Graves Simcoe, when the land that would
occupy the city was thick with trees and thickets, its soft soil was
traversed by numerous streams and creeks that over centuries etched out
deep ravines and sculpted rolling dales.
As early city builders would find, it's actually quite difficult to
completely erase a river, and many of the waterways that once penetrated
downtown Toronto still exist, re-routed into culverts or sewers and
(mostly) from view. Here are five buried rivers that used to flow
through Toronto.
GARRISON CREEK
Of
all the rivers present in early Toronto, Garrison Creek was the biggest
and hardest to cross. Its winding course and ocasionally deep ravine
proved a significant obstacle to the expanding city and substantial
bridges were built at Dundas and Harbord streets, both of which have
been buried but still stand.
Garrison Creek started north of St. Clair
and headed directly south via Bloor and Christie under a half-buried
bridge at Harbord - the stone wall on the north side of the street at
Bickford Park is the bridge's parapet. It continued south, causing the
weird dips and warped intersection on Crawford Street.
From there, Garrison Creek headed through Trinity Bellwoods Park,
where there's another buried bridge under Crawford Street (the dog park
is in part of the old ravine,) and out the southeast corner parallel to
Niagara Street, where the river bank caused its distinctive arc.
Garrison Creek drained into the Toronto Bay near Bathurst and Fort York
Blvd.
TADDLE CREEK
The
geographical legacy of Taddle Creek, sometimes called Little Don River,
is more subtle than that of its westerly cousin Garrison Creek. The odd
dent in the southwest corner of Queen's Park Crescent and the gentle
slope of Parliament just north of King are the extent of the river's
surviving landscaping.
Possibly rising at Wychwood Park northwest of Davenport and Bathurst
(no-one is entirely certain,) Taddle Creek flowed south along the
eastern edge of the University of Toronto campus, forming a small pond
at Hart House Circle that shows up early photos of the university
grounds.
At College it swerved east, eventually draining into the bay near Parliament and Esplanade.
CASTLE FRANK BROOK
The steep sides of the Rosedale Ravine had to come from somewhere.
Castle Frank Brook, the product of several smaller rivers that met near
Cedarvale Park, eroded the Nordheimer Ravine, which could have carried
the Spadina Expressway but now covers the Spadina line, and the deep
Rosedale Ravine.
Today, Castle Frank Brook cuts under St. Clair West station, rises
again in Sir Winston Churchill Park, and vanishes back into a sewer that
carries it down under Rosedale Valley Road into the Don River opposite
Riverdale Park.
SMALL'S POND
The size of a small lake, Small's Pond once dominated the area close to Queen Street E and Kingston Road.
It was fed by two separate streams, one that started near Gerrard and
Coxwell, the other closer to Woodbine, and was once a prime source of
beverage ice in the winter as many other bodies of water were considered
too polluted.
The 12-metre deep, roughly U-shaped Small's Pond was naturally
divided into two separate arms, one of which was popular with skaters
and boaters and known locally as The Serpentine. The other, broader arm
ran roughly parallel with Coxwell Ave.
In 1919, nine-year-old John Vice drowned in a weed-choked portion of
the Small's Pond and the next year two small boys had to be pulled from
its dark waters. Small's Pond became a stagnant, sewage-filled pool when
its feeder streams were diverted into sewers. It was drained and filled
in on health grounds around 1935. Orchard Park roughly marks the place
where the two parts of Small's Pond met.
ASHBRIDGE'S CREEK
Ashbridge's
Creek was so un-loved that it appears never to have been given an
official name, though its geography is still easy to trace. Rising in two branches near today's Monarch Park,
"the creek," as early landowners the Ashbridge family called it, passed
under the rail tracks and down Woodfield Road, where it's still audible
in the sewers.
At Gerrard, it moved slightly west, eroding a wide depression in the
land where Highfield Road is now before draining into Lake Ontario at
today's Eastern Avenue, just behind the streetcar yard. The lawn of the
Ashbridge's home, which still stands on Queen Street E, got its dimpled
texture from the river.
Today, Ashbridge's Creek flows into the Mid-Toronto Interceptor Sewer
at Gerrard Street and ends life at the Ashbridges Bay Wastewater
Treatment Plant.
For more information on lost rivers, visit Lost Rivers, a great little resource for everything wet and buried in Toronto. Nathan Ng's map site is a great resource for discovering old streams.
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