Oshawa military museum may have to sell tanks

Members of the Ontario Regiment Museum say they may have to sell some of their historic military vehicles to keep their doors open to the public.

The museum is fighting to survive and its volunteers are working hard to prevent it from being the second military history centre to close in the Greater Toronto Area in recent weeks. The locks were changed and the doors were closed to the public at the Canadian Air and Space Museum at Downsview Park last weekend.

The Ontario Regiment Museum, located in Oshawa, is a link to history dating back to the 1850s and has about 70 operational vehicles, including the Sherman, M60 Patton and M551 Sheridan tanks, as well as a variety of armoured personnel carriers and jeeps.

“It is a constant struggle to keep the doors open,” said museum spokesman

Terry Woods. “We are in danger of having to sell some our vehicles to stay open.”

He said it takes a lot of money to maintain all the tanks and heavy equipment, plus the cost of fuel.

“Nobody wants to sell their collection of items,” Woods said Wednesday. “It will be a great shame to have the collection pieced off.”

The museum is primarily supported through fundraising, including the $100 is costs to become a member and volunteer at the museum.

A fundraising event featuring a 1945 U.S.-made Sherman tank is planned for Saturday at the museum at 1000 Stevenson Rd. N., north of Rossland Rd. and on the south side of the Oshawa airport.

The Ontario Regiment is among the oldest continuously serving reserve regiments in Canada and is one of the senior armoured regiments in the Royal Canadian Armoured Corps.

The Ontario Regiment was officially formed from the nine independent rifle companies on Sept. 14, 1866.

Condo boom eating up office space

When Iain Dobson sees another condo or condo-hotel springing up on prime downtown land just steps from the subway, he becomes more convinced than ever that Toronto is risking its own future by trading off jobs for people.
Toronto is reaching a tipping point — a shortage of development-ready land for new office towers at the same time thousands of new financial services jobs are projected for downtown and more companies are looking to return to the city core from the suburbs, says Dobson.
The former commercial brokerage executive and co-author of a report for the Canadian Urban Institute warns that Toronto has allowed construction of so many condo towers on what were meant to be office building sites, there is only enough development-ready land for about 4 million square feet of new office space left in the downtown.
Even the old converted “brick-and-beam” buildings to the west and east of the core, now home to some 18 million square feet of commercial development, are close to being full, says Dobson.
“The area within 500 metres of the subway is prime get yourself to work and back again space and when it gets eaten up by a lot of residential development, you have to wonder where will the new offices go?,” says Dobson.
He points to buildings like the 70-storey Trump Tower and 65-storey Shangri-La Hotel, both hotel and condo developments on land once slated for offices. They are among twelve new highrise condos, with 5,707 new units, under construction in the downtown core right now.
One-third of all jobs in the GTA are office jobs, notes the report, The New Geography of Office Location and the Consequences of Business as Usual in the GTA.
Thirty years ago, 63 per cent of office space was located in the downtown financial district or directly along subway lines. But so many businesses have flocked to the suburbs, as of 2010, 54 per cent of office space was located in the road-dependent 905 regions.
That dramatic shift, thanks to plentiful land and cheap taxes, not only clogged major roads, it turned the core into a one-horse town dominated by the financial services sector.
“The 416 region has become the bedroom community for the 905 regions,” says Dobson.
There is some evidence that’s starting to shift as environmentally conscious companies such as Coke and Telus consolidate suburban operations in the core to ease long commutes and be close to where employees live.
But governments need to do more to ease commercial taxes, integrate transit to growth areas and review land use policies for any developable land within a five-minute walk of subways with a focus on office rather than more condo development.
Commercial realtors say they are managing to find sufficient office space for companies that are looking. Colliers International says, in fact, a number of financial district tenants are moving into new offices on the Railways Lands, which is freeing up hundreds of thousands of feet of prime space in the financial district.
Realtor Cushman & Wakefield notes that almost 4 million square feet of office space has come on stream downtown since 2009 and 5.2 million more is planned. It estimates that’s enough, given current demand, for about nine more years of growth.

These tiny GTA condos smaller than hotel rooms

Andrew la Fleur likes to boast that he owns the smallest condo in Toronto right now — a 301 square foot studio in the Regent Park redevelopment.
But he knows his bragging days are numbered.
Slated to open in spring 2013 is the newest small thing to hit Toronto’s exploding condominium market — a 270 square foot studio in Canderel Residential’s DNA project on King St. W.
“We may be reaching a breaking point,” says la Fleur, 31, looking around his tasteful but tiny condo he bought for $166,000 in the pre-construction phase a year ago and plans to rent out for $1,000 a month.
“It’s hard to know how the market is going to respond to super small condos. Hundreds of them exist on (blueprint) paper right now, but very few of them have actually been built yet. They have never existed in Toronto before.”
La Fleur’s bright, 12th floor unit stretches to a relatively palatial 389 square feet if you factor in the balcony and don’t mind having your dinner parties outdoors.
Year round.
It feels like a hotel room — although even they average 350 square feet — except for the dark laminate flooring and chic granite-clad kitchen. It’s closet-space challenged: There’s a stacked washer and dryer where you would expect to hang your clothes.
Call the place small, but “very functional,” says la Fleur, a downtown realtor. Just don’t call it a micro-condo, he says, the new buzzword in hot housing markets like London and Manhattan.
While Toronto has a ways to go to rival Tokyo where folks cram themselves into “capsules” as little as 96 square feet, these studios are a sign of the times.
In the past three years alone, unit sizes have dropped significantly, especially in the downtown area, as developers look to keep prices affordable — but profitable — in the face of the HST, as well as escalating land and building costs.
Ten years ago the average condo in the Greater Toronto Area was just over 1,000 square feet. By this spring, it had shrunk to 921 square feet, says condo research firm Urbanation.
Downtown, the average new unit is just 749 square feet.
At the same time, developers are trying to ease the optics of escalating prices by cramming two bedrooms into roughly the same footprint that used to have just one. That means everything — from kitchens to sleeping space — are getting tighter.
Blame the HST, escalating land costs and the increased costs of building, says Riz Dhanji, vice-president of sales and marketing for Canderel, which has a novel distinction in the Toronto condo market right now.
It is building both the smallest condo — two 270 square foot studios on King St. W. — and the biggest, the 11,370 square foot penthouse in its Aura development at College and Yonge Sts.
“We’re turning into a New York kind of city where units are getting smaller and the prices are getting more expensive,” he acknowledges. “It’s not that developers don’t want to build bigger units, it’s that people don’t want to pay the price.”
Builders warned the province that smaller units would be an inevitable outcome of adding the HST to new condo construction, Dhanji says.
In response, the Ontario government introduced the Ontario Enhanced New Housing rebate, which means the HST only applies to the portion of new condo sales above $400,000.
That has left developers struggling to keep as many condos as possible under $400,000, for fear buyers will turn to the resale market where the same tax doesn’t apply, Dhanji says.
The effect is now being felt as the first of those condos come on the market.
From 2008 to the end of 2010, the percentage of new one-bedroom condos in the GTA jumped to 58.6 per cent from 51.5 per cent while two bedrooms dropped to 32.8 per cent from 41.4 per cent, says Ben Myers, executive vice-president of Urbanation.
La Fleur is already happy with his little investment. A new one is for sale nearby for $200,000.
Its location close to transit, shopping and the bustling downtown office towers will make it perfect for a student or young professional. Not so much for empty nesting baby boomers.
“Downsizers can’t wrap their heads around anything less than 800 square feet. Their universal reaction is: ‘How can people live like this?’ I have closets that are bigger.”

Video: Condo investors making us a town of renters

Toronto Councillor Adam Vaughan can tell the minute he looks at a condo building in his downtown ward if it’s full of renters or home to owners.
“The bigger the building, the higher the rate of renters,” says Vaughan.
The optics can be even more obvious when he steps inside. Even newer buildings can have the feel of university dormitories with shabby lobbies and cheap carpeting meant to keep down maintenance costs for investors who own a unit or two but may live half a world away.
With Toronto’s condo market among the hottest in the world right now — almost 68,000 new units are now in the planning stages or under construction across the GTA — investors are cashing in big time on what looks like a sure bet compared to battered stock markets.
Some 45 to 60 per cent of all new condos planned for the GTA are being snapped up by investors, says market research group Urbanation. That number is believed to be closer to 80 per cent in the downtown core where 12 new highrises, with 5,707 new units, are creeping floor by floor into the Toronto skyline right now.
That frenzy of investor activity is now being seen — and felt — as developers try to keep condo prices down by building more, and smaller, units meant to maximize investments for people who will never have to live in studios smaller than hotel rooms.
The surge of investors is part of the reason new downtown units are now averaging just 749 square feet — about half the 1,440 square feet average being built in crowded Manhattan.
While there are growing concerns about where Toronto’s condo market is heading, the activity here comes as a shock to Jonathan Miller who monitors the U.S. as president and CEO of Manhattan-based Miller Samuel Real Estate Appraisers & Consultants.
“If this isn’t a bubble, I don’t know what is,” says Miller. “This is going to end badly.
“You can’t have such a rapid influx of supply without this going too far. One thing I’ve learned is that builders will build until they can’t build anymore.”
Ben Myers disagrees. The editor and executive vice president of Urbanation has recently started tracking rental demand for those condos.
“This (condo building spree) is providing the city’s rental stock,” he says, adding that some 100,000 new people are flocking to the GTA each year.
“We are one of the only markets in the world that is catering to renters and first-time buyers by creating these smaller suites. In my view, this is absolutely the best approach. Great cities grow and expand, they have people walking around and you can only do that if you have a lot of people living downtown.”
While Vaughan has fought hard to see continued construction of larger and three-bedroom units that provide a better mix of residents, he finds older condo dwellers are gravitating to smaller buildings where the number of owner-occupants tends to be higher.
Developer Peter Cortellucci has seen what’s happening downtown and his Cortel Group made a conscious decision to head the other direction. Its five new condo towers planned for the Vaughan Metropolitan Centre at Highway 7 and Jane St. will feature bigger units and sales contracts discourage buyers just looking for units to rent out.
“We’re trying to create a sense of community and a neighbourhood where people actually live,” says Cortellucci, vice president of Cortel.
“We took a bit of a risk with large units and we’ve been quite successful so far. We wanted people to come in and say, ‘I could really live here.’ We didn’t want it to be too far a stretch from their homes.”

How bad is parking in Toronto?

Next time you’re circling the block in search of a parking spot, here’s something to cheer you up. Other cities have it much worse than Toronto.

Out of 20 cities around the world, this is the third-easiest place to park, following Los Angeles and Chicago, according to a survey by IBM released Wednesday.

It’s quite the reverse in New Delhi, Bangalore or Beijing, where motorists often give up looking for spaces all together and drive somewhere else.

The parking index IBM used is calculated from surveying 8,000 people on how long it takes to find a space, if they can even find a space, disagreements over the parking space, parking tickets received and parking tickets received for illegal parking.

It takes Torontonians 13 minutes on average to find a parking spot. For drivers in Nairobi it takes half an hour, well above the global average of 20 minutes. Thirteen per cent of drivers surveyed in the Kenyan capital have searched for a spot for over an hour.

Drivers are most likely to argue over a space in New Delhi, with 58 per cent of drivers there admitting to at least one fight. Globally, one-quarter of the respondents reported arguing about a parking space.

But not in gentle Toronto. Along with Montreal, Chicago and Los Angeles, only about 13 per cent of drivers here said they’ve fought over a spot.

The Toronto Parking Authority is proud of the result, which comes after city council voted against even considering privatizing the profitable system.

“It confirms that the parking in Toronto stacks up really well in the world,” said Ian Maher, of the Toronto Parking Authority.

In fact, our system ranks equal or better than both Chicago and Los Angeles, which is undergoing a reorganization of its disastrous paid-parking system, he said.

IBM spokesperson Jean-Francois Barsoum said a lengthy search for parking spots results in 30 per cent more traffic congestion. All that idling is bad news for the environment. A year-long study in Los Angeles found that cars searching for parking in a 15-block area used about 178,000 liters of gas and produced 730 tons of carbon dioxide in 2007.

Barsoum added that each city is dealing with its parking woes in different ways.

Shenzen, one of the worst cities to park in, has a system where illegally parked car motorists receive a text message giving them 10 minutes to move the car before getting a ticket.

Other cities are working to use data collected from electronic meters to let people know where parking spots are available, said Barsoum, possibly via a special app the provides parking rates and locations.

James: Best budget fix mixes fees, tax, cuts

No matter how you slice and dice Toronto’s budget, costs are rising faster than revenues; the city spends more than it collects.

Change is hard, but there are ways to permanently fix this “structural deficit” without inciting citizens to protests and demonstrations.

The formula? A small tax hike, reasonable fees, a few spending cuts, and a smidgen of help from the province.

By law, Ontario cities can’t borrow to run day-to-day operations, only for capital projects like building subways, roads and sewers. Toronto can’t run a deficit, like the province. It gets no share of income, sales or payroll taxes.

Since amalgamation, when the provincial Tories downloaded services without offsetting revenues, the city’s budget has been caught in this vice. But everything else about the city’s finances is tangled in political ideology and hot-button rhetoric that makes it difficult to navigate a solution.

Mayor Rob Ford’s solution is to cut taxes and starve the city of revenues, and to drastically reduce spending through service cuts. That’s a toxic twin, as evidenced by the protests and outcry around the current “core service review.”

There is a better way, one nearly impossible to achieve now that the debate has been poisoned by the mayor’s unnecessarily partisan and hidebound politics.

City manager Joe Pennachetti and staff have pleaded with mayors and city councillors since the David Miller days to address the fiscal gap with permanent solutions instead of one-time fixes.

Ford’s approach, in theory, eliminates the structural deficit, but the instruments he proposes are so blunt that even he backs off them as soon as the citizens realize the impact.

By definition, a permanent fix flows from property taxes or fees that recur each year; or spending cuts; or a new, ongoing revenue source such as provincial grants. A one-time fix is dipping into a depleting reserve fund; or getting a budget bailout; or using an unexpected jump in investment income or operating year-end surplus to balance the books.

Since amalgamation, city council has often used one-time fixes like the sale of hydro poles to itself to plug its budget holes. For the 2009 budget, for example, staff found $92 million from a fund few knew existed — called a “closed capital account” — essentially, money left over from construction projects.

Queen’s Park has started to take back some of the social services cost the Mike Harris government downloaded — $216 million worth this year, rising to $350 million by 2018.

But costs rise every year: $60 million in salary increases for city workers last year alone, plus benefits.

And property taxes have not kept up. In the 14 budgets approved since amalgamation in 1998, four saw property taxes frozen. Increases in the other 10 budgets ranged from 2.9 per cent in 2010 to 5 per cent in 2001. City residents may squirm at the truth, but Toronto’s homeowners have the lowest property tax rate in the GTA. Meanwhile, the majority of Torontonians tell pollsters they’re prepared to pay more taxes to save services.

These steps would fix Toronto’s budget:

• Keep the land transfer tax, now applied to home purchases. A city that is supposedly $774 million in the red cannot give back $274 million the tax yielded last year, as Ford plans. Miller did well in securing this new revenue source through provincial legislation. To give this back is to signal to citizens that Toronto does not have a budget problem.

• Give residents a clear, correct picture of the budget needs. So much obfuscation is guiding the current budget debate, it is near impossible to tell how much is needed to put the city on a sound fiscal footing.

For instance, you’ve been told Toronto is in unprecedented fiscal trouble, with a $774 million “opening pressure” or shortfall. Did you know that the “opening pressure” for 2010 was $821 million; and $759 million in 2006?

How did we survive? By using surplus, reserves, some service cuts, assessment growth, a property tax hike and provincial uploading of service costs.

If you removed all the uncertainties on the income side of the budget ledger — the investment incomes and surpluses and reserve funds — the city’s real structural deficit is estimated at anywhere from $145 million to $250 million. This is the real costs for which it has no funding source it chooses to tap.

• Freeze municipal staff salaries across the board, for one year, including a rollback of the police wage hikes the mayor boasts about. It is unconscionable to offer such increases, only to ask for a 10 per cent cut in services and reduce police staff by the hundreds.

A freeze stings. It can only be broached if the entire process is fair and credible — not in the current atmosphere where civic workers are ridiculed and diminished.

• Do an honest “core service review” devoid of the “gravy” rhetoric. Do it exhaustively, turning over every stone, and with the knowledge that the alternatives are the salary freezes and tax hikes no one relishes. This is a one-year job, not the quick-and-dirty review now bumbling along at city hall. And it would yield $50 million and leave few feeling a victim of municipal assault.

• Plan for annual 10-cent increases in transit fares, for a decade, providing a stable increase each year, starting at $30 million. It’s that or watch the TTC reduce staff by up to 1,000, packing more passengers onto buses that run less frequently, even as ridership spikes to all-time high. Absolute lunacy.

• Raise property taxes 5 per cent each year for five years, to fill the gap left by 14 years of low or no tax hikes. That nets the city $113 million in 2012; by year five, the annual take is compounded to $137.4 million.

There are other options, some that could be linked to one of the region’s greatest challenges, transportation. Metrolinx has a plan that costs $50 billion and only begins to address the needs over 25 to 30 years.

A one-cent sale tax in the Toronto region — approved by Queen’s Park — would raise approximately $450 million a year in Toronto alone. That could leverage billions for transit. Road tolls and parking charges could fill in the rest of the needs.

Polarizing politics, scare-mongering, false promises and ludicrous claims about our fiscal capacity doom the city and region to years of stunted growth. Citizens will eventually wake up to the truth, but, by then, we’d have lost a decade or two.

Toll talk silenced by city council

Toronto council slammed the brakes on talk of road tolls Tuesday.

A majority of councillors voted to kill calls from two councillors to have municipal officials study road tolls.

“I cannot support tolls,” insisted Mayor Rob Ford. “It hurts the economy; it hurts people that come to our city to work ... it causes congestion.”

Councillor Josh Matlow had wanted staff to study slapping tolls on out-of-town drivers using the Don Valley Parkway and Gardiner Expressway.

Matlow’s motion lost in a 26-19 vote.

Deputy Mayor Doug Holyday wanted to study the idea of having a private company build toll lanes on the DVP. That motion lost in a 31-14 vote.

Councillor Doug Ford went against his brother the mayor and voted in support of Holyday’s idea.

Matlow, meanwhile, described his toll idea as an answer to Ford’s call for those opposed to cuts to come forward with alternative ideas.

Matlow rejected fears raised by some councillors that tolls would push traffic onto residential streets.

Canadian Air and Space Museum closes doors to visitors

TORONTO - Tibor Kiss and his family were among the last members of the public to visit the Canadian Air and Space Museum Saturday after a decision to close the doors ecxept to allow volunteers to pack up the artifacts.
“We heard that it was being closed down and it looks like we came just in time,” Kiss said as he took sons Ryan, 4, and Jason, 14-months on a tour. “I wanted to bring the family here before it shut down.”
The Kiss’ were among several families who showed up at Downsview Park on Saturday to view the thousands of pieces of national aviation artifacts that range from a full-size Avro Arrow replica, the Canadarm and a replica of Canada’s first
satellite, the Alouette 1.
More than 200 concerned museum members, who also act as volunteers, were at a meeting to decide their next move after being told by landlord Downsview Park they had six months to leave.
Museum chairman Ian McDougall said a lock for their door was changed and volunteers will be allowed into the museum only to pack.
The museum was behind on its rent by about $100,000 and had gone through several management changes.
He sent $22,000 in cheques to the museum’s landlord in early September but received the money back on Sept. 14, McDougall said.
“They are putting us out of business,” McDougall told members. “They are putting us in a position were we will be real lucky if we can succeed.”
He said the museum had to cancel several major upcoming fundraisers, shows and school tours.
“We were told our charity status is being looked at,” McDougall said. “From now on we only have access to the buiding to move and pack “
The museum has been in a Carl Hall Rd. building on the former Canadian Forces Base Downsview for about 14 years and has drawn hundreds of thousands of visitors.
Downsview Park, a Crown corporation, has plans to demolish all but the
façade of the building, and turn it into a skating rink complex. The park is undergoing changes including the development of a new sports facility, a sustainable community and a subway station.
Leonard Levy, 90, a World War II veteran who flew 32 missions on a Lancaster Bomber, was given a standing ovation by club members.
“We have to preserve our aviation history for the younger people to see,”Levy said. “We have to tell them our story.”
Business owner Sherry Draisey, who owns Good Vibrations Engineering in another unit of the building, said she was also given six months to leave.
“It is very upsetting and disappointing,” Draisey said. “We work in aerospace and moved here to be near the museum.”
Rick Shousha said he drove all-night from Montreal to deliver a hand-made model of the first airplane to fly over Toronto in 1911, the Bleriot X1.
“I drove all the way here to present them with the model,” Shousha said. “I wanted to give it to them before the place closed down.”
Downsview Park officials couldn’t be reached for comment.

Air and space museum has six months to vacate their space

The Canadian Air and Space Museum has six months to vacate the space at Downsview Park they've called home since 1997, said the chair of the park's board of directors.
"The park has a 90 year old, 100,000 square foot building that's falling apart," David Soknacki said. "The windows are coming out. It's in a real state of disrepair. The park has an obligation to the public to preserve its heritage."
To preserve the building, engineers said $3 million must be invested immediately, with an additional $20 million to bring it up to code, he said.
"The park is about the future," Soknacki said. "I understand change is traumatic."
The museum was one of 10 Downsview Park tenants served with eviction notices Tuesday, Sept. 20, according to Soknacki. They have all been given six months' notice.
The building will be repurposed into a four-pad skating rink, Soknacki said, adding the goal is to have it open by September 2013.
"We understand the museum has artifacts that might be fragile and we said we will pay for the move, or store it at the park, when they decide what they want to do," he said. "We are open to proposals from the museum to determine where they want to go and they can move to another area of the park if they want to. But we don't know what direction they want to go in. All affected tenants have six months to vacate. The locks have been changed but they can still access the site and hold functions."
Ian McDougall, volunteer chair of the Canadian Air and Space Museum, said the charity has a backlog of $120,000 and was finally able to pay the monthly rent of $18,000 two months ago.
"Thousands upon thousands of people visit our site annually," he previously told The Mirror, adding he didn't know how long the museum has been in financial distress.
He said a cheque was given to Downsview Park Monday, Sept. 12 and returned two days later with a notice of eviction letter.
McDougall said it would be unlikely the museum would find a new location and this essentially signals the end of the organization.
The Canadian Air and Space Museum, formerly the Toronto Aerospace Museum, was housed in the original 1929 home of the de Havilland Aircraft of Canada Ltd. and also the original home of Canada's leading space technology company best known as SPAR, according to the museum's website. It also housed several artifacts and planes, including a replica Avro Arrow.

Air and Space Museum to become ice rink

It’s bad news for history buffs that could be good news for Toronto hockey players.
The Canadian Air and Space Museum is being kicked out of its Downsview Park home to make way for a four-pad ice rink.
Volunteers at the historic property were thrown into a state of panic on Tuesday when the museum was served an eviction notice and workers arrived to change the locks.
“I’m distraught. I’m ready to cry,” museum CEO Robert Cohen told the Star. “I can’t leave this place. I’m camping here. They’re gonna have to throw me out.”
The struggling museum owes property owner Downsview Park $100,000 in past due rent. Still, the eviction shocked volunteers, who say they were on the verge of turning things around after a bout of bad luck that included a failed fundraising campaign and mass management changes.
PHOTOS: Museum evicted
On Tuesday afternoon, they emptied the building of its artifacts — including a full-scale replica of the legendary Avro Arrow fighter jet — and prepared to vacate the property they have occupied for 12 years.
Staff members were under the impression they had to be out by the end of the day, but Downsview told the Star that tenants will have up to six months to vacate.
“I can’t comment on other people’s interpretations (of the notice),” said Downsview Park board chair David Soknacki. “We would welcome them in to have a discussion about their future.”
Soknacki said the change comes in part because the museum wasn’t drawing enough people to Downsview Park, the 672-acre site of a former military base that has been dubbed “Canada’s first national urban park.”
The new arena, which will be used for skating and hockey, is scheduled to open in September 2013.
The privately operated rink will run some city ice programs and offer 240 hours per year of community programs, which could prove to be good news for skaters and hockey players benched by Toronto’s ice shortage.
That doesn’t satisfy the volunteers. For them, the museum is a labour of love. They transformed it from a bare hanger into a warehouse filled with model airplanes ranging from the size of a fist to full-scale replicas.
The site itself is a part of history, built in 1929 as home to de Havilland Aircraft of Canada Ltd. — one of Canada’s most successful aircraft manufacturers.
Volunteers say there’s a hockey rink right down the street. “You could actually chip a golf ball at it,” said Campbell Young, 74, who has been volunteering at the museum for more than a decade.
“We were hoping things would turn around,” Young said. “If we can raise enough hell ... hopefully someone will skip in and at least give us a reprieve.”
A PHOTO GALLERY OF THE CANADIAN AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM